Miridae is a highly polyphagous predatory bug, which has proven tobe effective in controlling many insect. Banker plants for aphid biological control in greenhouses. The potential of dicyphus hesperus knight as a predator of greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum. Research on mirids of southern california at uc riverside. It is a generalist predator of other insects and also feeds on plant tissues. Ecology of predatorprey interactions pedro barbosa. Roitberg link deadlock, a novel protein of drosophila, is required for germline maintenance, fusome morphogenesis and axial patterning in oogenesis and associates with centrosomes in. Pdf the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is a pest of greenhousegrown tomato. The species has been used for the control of glasshouse whitefly on aubergine in the netherlands, and is currently being evaluated for continued and wider release in europe.
Cambridge core institutional access books catalogue individuals. Species in the family may be referred to as capsid bugs or mirid bugs. Patch retention time in an omnivore, dicyphus hesperus is dependent on both host plant and prey type, sherah l. Greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporarioru, tobacco whitefly m bemisia tabaci. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Dec, 2018 an important group of generalist predators that are used in greenhouse crops are the predatory bugs of the family miridae of the tribe dicyphini belonging to the nesidiocoris, dicyphus, and macrolophus genera castane et al. Nelson author see all 3 formats and editions hide other formats and editions. Hesperusline, dicyphus hesperus predatory bug bioline. They ingest and digest food holozoic, hence they are heterotrophic. Insects free fulltext three release rates of dicyphus.
The western tarnished plant bug lygus hesperus is an economically important pest that belongs to a complex of morphologically similar species that makes identification problematic. Establishment potential of the predatory mirid dicyphus. Impact of the spatial context and agronomic practices on earlyseason crop colonization by an invasive pest. We observed foraging behaviour of omnivorous dicyphus hesperus fed plant and prey of varying quality the activity budget of d. Pdf the effectiveness of inoculative releases of the mirid predator dicyphus hesperus knight for control of frankliniella occidentalis.
The miridae are a large and diverse insect family at one time known by the taxonomic synonym capsidae. Three release rates of dicyphus hesperus hemiptera. Dicyphus hesperus is a generalist predatory bug that is primarily released for whitefly control, but will feed on other pests such as thrips, moth eggs and mites. It is therefore used all over the world for control of pests. The omnivorous predator macrolophus pygmaeus, a good. Gillespie agriculture and agrifoods canada research station, agassiz, bc.
Dicyphus hesperus is a species of true bug in the family miridae. A meatbased diet was tested for the rearing of the polyphagous predatory bug macrolophus caliginosus heteroptera. Nymphs are bright green while winged adults are black. Three new species of nesidiocoris kirkaldy from japan, with a. Mar 12, 2018 accounting for inflation, initial costs of t. The predatory mirid dicyphus hesperus knight hemiptera. Dicyphus love a certain type of plant called a mullien plant. Insects, eissn 20754450, published by mdpi ag disclaimer the statements, opinions and data contained in the journal insects are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editors. Dicyphus is used successfully in several greenhouses in north america adult and nymph are predator and very effective to control several species of whiteflies and thrips in. It is a predator on pest insects including many species of whitefly, aphids, lepidopterans and mites. Vanlaerhoven, incorporating behaviour into simple models of dispersal using the biological control agent dicyphus hesperus, ecological modelling, 220, 23, 3271, 2009.
We examined patch residence times for an omnivorous predator, dicyphus hesperus on a variety of plants and prey. Potential use of dicyphus hesperus knight heteroptera. The epub format uses ebook readers, which have several ease of reading. Miridae on greenhouse tomatoes article pdf available in environmental entomology 31apr 2002. The potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli sulcer hemiptera. Pdf plant feeding in an omnivorous mirid, dicyphus hesperus. Garden fleahopper on the university of florida institute of food and agricultural sciences featured creatures website. It grows in a wide variety of habitats, but prefers welllit. Dicyphus tamaninii as a beneficial insect and pest in tomato crops in catalonia, spain. Evaluation of dicyphus hesperus for biological control of sweet potato white. Dicyphus hesperus greenhouse and tobacco whiteflies. Its small yellow flowers are densely grouped on a tall stem, which bolts from a large rosette of leaves. Dicyphus hesperus sucks sap from various plants and preys on and. Environmental fate ecotoxicology human health a to z index home.
Mirid bug, dicyphus hesperus university of california, irvine. Hesperusline biological control agent contains the predatory bug, dicyphus hesperus. The effects of mullein plants verbascum thapsus on the population dynamics of dicyphus hesperus heteroptera. Intraguild predation by the generalist predator dicyphus hesperus on the parasitoid encarsia formosa article pdf available in biocontrol science and technology 153. Dicyphus hesperus sucks sap from various plants and preys on whitefly and red spider mites and can be used in biological pest control. Dicyphus hesperus is widely distributed over north america. Biological control of silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci using predatory bugs, dicyphus hesperus and orius insidiosus. Identification of lygus hesperus by dna barcoding reveals insignificant levels of genetic structure among distant and habitat diverse populations changqing zhou, 1 irfan kandemir, 2 douglas b. The emphasis is on management of whiteflies, pepper weevil, mites, thrips and caterpillars using chemical, biological, and cultural techniques, as well as semiochemicals. Evaluation of dicyphus hesperus for biological control of sweet potato whitefly and potato psyllid on greenhouse tomato.
The taxonomic tree is divided into the following seven subfamilies and numerous. Miridae for biological control of pests of greenhouse tomatoes. Plant feeding in an omnivorous mirid, dicyphus hesperus. It is best to establish the dicyphus population with the help of mullein plants. Common names include plant bugs, leaf bugs, and grass bugs. The higher classification of the mirid subfamily bryocorinae has received comparatively little attention. They lay their eggs on it and spend most of their early life on this plant. It is native to north america and has been used there in biological control of agricultural pests, especially whitefly on tomatoes ecology. Miridae is a slender bug about 6mm in length when in adult stage.
Interguild influences on intraguild predation in plantfeeding. Greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum, tobacco. Florida is the largest producer of fresh tomato in the united states. Dicyphus hesperus is a generalist predator who feeds on whitesflies, thrips, aphids, moth eggs and other pests.
The functions of plant feeding in the omnivorous predator dicyphus hesperus. Biology and control of arthropod pests of horticultural crops. Higher forms show elaborate sensory and neuromotor systems. It is the largest family of true bugs belonging to the suborder heteroptera. Plant and prey quality interact to influence the foraging. Effect of adult age and insect density of dicyphus tamaninii wagner heteroptera. Miridae is an omnivorous natural enemy used to control insect pests in greenhouse structures. The predatory bug, dicyphus hesperus is similar to macrolophus caliginosus, which is being used in europe to control whitefly, spider mites, moth eggs and aphids.
Trophic and guild interactions in biological control. Biological sciences windsor publications department of. Biology and control of arthropod pests of horticultural. This book addresses the fundamental issues of predatorprey interactions, with an emphasis on predation among arthropods, which have been better studied, and for which the database is more extensive than for the large and rare vertebrate predators. Work in almost every discipline of biology including genetics, physiology, pathology, anatomy, ecology, soil science, and plant breeding has been done on this genus. Aleyrodidae, are major pests in tomato in the usa, mexico, and central america. Restrictions on insecticides in enclosed structures and the. Goals objectives the goals of the project are to develop practical arthropod pest management tools for growers of horticultural crops in florida and related regions. Dicyphus should not be used on its own to replace other. Part of the biology commons, entomology commons, and the plant sciences commons recommended citation vankosky, meghan ann, an experimental analysis of the effects of plant and prey quality on the life history and behaviour of dicyphus hesperus knight hemiptera.
This predator is able to establish itself in greenhouses, keeping constant pressure on pest populations. Mar 20, 2020 dicyphus hesperus is a species of true bug in the family miridae. Pdf true omnivores that feed on both plant and animal tissues are not additive combinations of herbivore and predator. Diseases, biology, and taxonomy hardcover january 1, 1982 by p. Verbascum thapsus great or common mullein is a species of mullein native to europe, northern africa and asia, and introduced in the americas and australia it is a hairy biennial plant that can grow to 2 m or more tall. Patch retention time in an omnivore, dicyphus hesperus is. The first experiment focused on the study of the life history traits of d. Miridae, an omnivorous biological control agent 2015.
As a biological control strategy, banker plants offer a novel nonchemical approach to. Dicyphus hesperus knight other status information most countries require a licence to be issued before nonnative macroorganisms may be released as biocontrol agents. Mar 17, 2020 pdf macrolophus caliginosus wagner heteroptera. Insects free fulltext three release rates of dicyphus hesperus. Aleyrodidae and the potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli sulcer hemiptera. The potential of the mirid predator dicyphus hesperus knight. Restrictions on insecticides in enclosed structures and the presence of commercial pollinators limit the options for the chemical control of whiteflies in greenhouses, increasing the importance of biological controls. The potential of dicyphus hesperus as a biological control agent of. A predator of whiteflies and other soft bodied insects that may be used for their biological control example pests controlled. Lambert and others published biological control of greenhouse whitefly. Bottomup influences of the plant on the biology of. The anh is recognised as the national herbarium for australia and maintains its collections under.
Pdf three release rates of dicyphus hesperus hemiptera. Podisus maculiventris spined soldier bug colorado potato beetles and caterpillars on ornamentals, vegetables, and citrus. The name true bugs is sometimes limited to the suborder heteroptera. In this work we provide a synthesis of the subfamily on a global basis, providing a new key and updated diagnoses of supraspecific taxa. It is native to north america and has been used there in biological control of agricultural pests, especially whitefly on tomatoes. The sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is a pest of greenhousegrown tomato. Pdf intraguild predation by the generalist predator. The potential of the mirid predator dicyphus hesperus knight heteroptera. This family includes a large number of species, many of which are still unknown, distributed in more than 0 genera. Dicyphus will feed on twospotted spider mite tetranychus urtica, e thrips and moth eggs but will not control these pests. Pdf sampling plan for dicyphus hesperus heteroptera. It is not highly speciesrich in comparison with other mirid subfamilies but does exhibit extraordinary morphological heterogeneity. Dicyphus hesperus feeds on leaf tissue, even when prey are available 16. Dicyphus hesperus a beneficial insect against whitefly.
Dicyphus hesperus feeds on leaf tissue, even when prey are available and relies on water obtained from feeding on leaves to replenish reserves lost to extraoral digestion 14, 15. It has been especially successful for control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato crops. Patch residence times were typically greater than 24 h. Hemiptera is the largest order of hemimetabolous insects not undergoing complete metamorphosis. Effects of plants and supplemental prey on establishment of.
Life cycle is direct development from egg through 5 nymphal stages to adult. Miridae as a biological control agent of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Three new species of nesidiocoris kirkaldy from japan. Identification of lygus hesperus by dna barcoding reveals. Macrolophus pygmaeus rambur and nesidiocoris tenuis reuter are widely used as biological control agents of b. Earlier research revealed that the mirid bug dicyphus hesperus athiashenriot heteroptera. In westcentral and southwest florida, the most important horticultural crops include tomatoes, peppers, and strawberries. The present study provides evidence for the use of dna barcodes from populations of l. Psyllidae in tomato was investigated in two experiments. The addition of eretmocerus eremicus and dicyphus hesperus had a positive. Chapter 4 animal kingdom animal kingdom is characterized by multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. Life history, biology and application in tomato greenhouses. Miridae has favorable rates of development and reproduction when reared on.
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